mikeymike wrote:
screw adapters (what are they really called?)
Generally speaking they are "standoffs" or "threaded spacers" with standoffs being the more common term.
As for the adhesive, if it is "hard" (like a typical epoxy...) at ambient temp then use heat, i.e., a soldering iron placed in the screwhead for increasing amounts of time with trials with the screwdriver to remove the screw...
If it is somewhat softer, then I've also had success with freezing items which makes the adhesive brittle and then it fractures under torque...
What qualifies as hard or soft is obviously subjective, try the tip of an Exacto blade into the material, easy penetration is "soft", moderate/difficult penetration is "hard".
If you're unsure which to try first, I suggest the heat, start with 10 second intervals until success or you feel as though you might be putting to much heat into the surrounding board. A little bit of flux in the screwhead will help transfer heat. Do be careful with how much heat you put into the board, it is possible to delaminate the board, but only with what I would call "a lot" of heat and more than what would normally break down the adhesive...
